PREPARATION OF GEL TO BUILD BONE WITH MINIMAL SURGICAL INTERVENTION FROM POLYMER / PHOSPHATE WITH THE CAPABILITY TO EXTRUSION

THE BIOMIMETIC AS WELL AS INSPIRED TECHNIQUES FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVATION OF BIOMATERIALS ARE VERY UNIQUE RESULTING IN MATERIALS IN THE NANO-RANGE AND NANO-SHAPES WHICH CANNOT BE REACHED BY OTHER CHEMICAL METHODS. THE BIOMIMETIC TECHNIQUE INVOLVES THE DEPOSITION OF IONS IN A MANNER SIMILAR TO NATURAL WAY ESPECIALLY IN THE PRESENCE OF CERTAIN ACTIVE SITES. THE BIOINSPIRED ONE IS CARRIED OUT IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS TO FOLLOW THE SAME SEQUENCE OF NATURAL BONE SYNTHESIS WHERE AN ION IS FOLLOWED BY ION. A NATURAL POLYMER (CHITOSAN) WAS SYNTHESIZED WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF DEACETYLATION TO GET THE HIGHEST % OF YIELD USING THE THERMOMECHANOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE BY REMOVING ACIDITY FROM CHITIN WHICH IS DERIVED FROM THE CRUSTACEAN (CRAB). THE BIOLOGICAL HYDROXYAPATITE (HAS) WAS PREPARED USING BIOINSPIRED TECHNIQUE IN SIMULATED BODY FLUID (SBF) TO SIMULATE THE FORMATION OF BONE MINERALS IN NATURE AND WITHIN THE NANORANGE. NANO-COMPOSITES WERE PREPARED FROM BIOLOGICAL CALCIUM PHOSPHATE / BIOPOLYMER (CHITOSAN) IN DIFFERENT RATIOS WITH THE ADDITION OF ONE OF PHOSPHATE SALTS IN THE FORM OF GEL THAT CAN BE USED BY INJECTION. MANY EXPERIMENTS HAVE BEEN PERFORMED TO MEASUR THE EFFICIENCY OF THE GEL TO STUDY THE INJECTABILITY, STRENGTH AND TEMPERATURE STABILITY. PROPERTIES BEING BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND HANDLING WERE ENHANCED BY PREPARING POLYBLENDS OF BIOLOGICAL HYDROXYAPATITE WITH SYNTHESIZED CHITOSAN. THESE COMPOSITES AND BLENDS SHOWED AN ENHANCEMENT FOR BIOCOMPATIBILITY WITH KEEPING NO MIGRATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE IONS AT ORGANIC SURFACE. THIS COMPOSITES HAVE ALSO LED TO DISPENSE TO LARGE SURGICAL OPERATIONS THAT LED TO DAMAGE TO HEALTHY TISSUES.